We all know how precious eyes are and to make sure our
children enjoy good vision throughout their life time we need to ensure that
they receive proper eye care. If found early, many eye conditions can be effectively treated.
Sometimes delay in treatment can mean permanent loss of vision for the child.
Eye Exams
Routine medical exams for kids' vision include:
- Newborns should be checked for general eye health by a pediatrician or family physician in the hospital nursery.
- High-risk newborns (including premature infants), those with a family history of eye problems, and those with obvious eye irregularities should be examined by an eye doctor.
- In the first year of life, all infants should be routinely screened for eye health during checkups with their pediatrician or family doctor.
- Around age 5, kids should have their vision and eye alignment evaluated by an Ophthalmologist.
- After age 5, further routine screenings should be done if the child complains of blurred vision, squinting or frequent headaches
- Kids who wear prescription glasses or contacts should have annual checkups by an eye doctor to screen for vision changes.
Spotting Eye Problems
Signs that a child may have vision problems include:
- constant eye rubbing
- extreme light sensitivity
- poor focusing
- poor visual tracking (following an object)
- abnormal alignment or movement of the eyes (after 6 months of age)
- chronic redness of the eyes
- chronic tearing of the eyes
- a white pupil instead of black
In school-age children, watch for other signs such as:
- inability to see objects at a distance
- inability to read the blackboard
- squinting
- difficulty reading
- sitting too close to the TV
Common Eye Problems
Several eye conditions can affect kids. Most are detected by
a vision screening using an acuity chart.
·
Amblyopia ("lazy eye") is poor vision
in an eye that may appear to be normal. Two common causes are crossed eyes and
a difference in the refractive error between the two eyes. If untreated,
amblyopia can cause irreversible visual loss in the affected eye. (By then, the
brain's "programming" will ignore signals from that eye.) Amblyopia is best treated during the preschool
years.
·
Strabismus is a misalignment of the eyes; they
may turn in, out, up, or down. If the same eye is chronically misaligned,
amblyopia may also develop in that eye. With early detection, vision can be
restored by patching the properly aligned eye, which forces the misaligned one
to work. Surgery or specially designed glasses also may help the eyes to align.
·
Refractive errors mean that the shape of the eye
doesn't refract, or bend, light properly, so images appear blurred. Refractive
errors also can cause amblyopia. Nearsightedness is the most common refractive
error in school-age children; others include farsightedness and astigmatism:
o
Nearsightedness is poor distance vision (also called
myopia), which is usually treated with glasses or contacts.
o
Farsightedness is poor near vision (also called
hyperopia), which is usually treated with glasses or contacts.
o
Astigmatism is imperfect curvature of the front
surface of the eye, which is usually treated with glasses if it causes blurred
vision or discomfort.
Other eye conditions require immediate attention, such as retinopathy of prematurity (a disease
that affects the eyes of premature babies) and those associated with a family
history, including:
·
Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor that usually
appears in the first 3 years of life. The affected eye or eyes may have visual
loss and whiteness in the pupil.
·
Infantile cataracts can occur in newborns. A cataract is
a clouding of the eye's lens.
·
Congenital glaucoma in infants is a rare condition that
may be inherited. It is the result of incorrect or incomplete development of
the eye drainage canals before birth and can be treated with medication and
surgery.
·
Genetic or metabolic diseases of the
eye, such as
inherited disorders that make a child more likely to develop retinoblastoma or
cataracts, may require kids to have eye exams at an early age and regular
screenings.
Glasses and Contacts
Kids of all ages — even babies — can wear glasses and
contacts.
Keep these tips in mind for kids who wear glasses:
- Allow kids to pick their own frames.
- Plastic frames are best for children younger than 2.
- If older kids wear metal frames, make sure they have spring hinges, which are more durable.
- An elastic strap attached to the glasses will help keep them in place for active toddlers.
- Kids with severe eye problems may need special lenses called high-index lenses, which are thinner and lighter than plastic lenses.
- Polycarbonate lenses are recommended for all kids, especially for kids who play sports. Polycarbonate is a tough, shatter-proof, transparent thermoplastic used to make thin, light lenses. However, although they're very impact-resistant, these lenses scratch more easily than plastic lenses.
Infants born with congenital cataracts may need to have their
cataracts surgically removed during the first few weeks of life. Some children
born with cataracts wear contact lenses after cataract surgery.
Around age 10, kids may express a desire to get contact
lenses for cosmetic reasons or convenience if they play sports. Allowing a
child to wear contacts depends on his or her ability to insert and remove
lenses properly, faithfully take them out as required, and clean them as
recommended by the doctor. Contact lens problems are almost always caused by
poor habits and bad hygiene.
